C Programming Tutorial

C Programming Tutorial

What is C programming language

C is a programming language. It was developed at AT & T's Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed and written by Dennis Ritchie.

(F2) : - To save the file
(.c): - It is the extension file name of C.
(.cpp) : - It is the extension file name of C++
(;) : - Line terminator
(ctrl + F9) : - To compile the program
(ctrl + F5) : - To run the program

#include<stdio.h> : It is the header file of printf() and scanf().
#include<conio.h> : It is the header file of clrscr().

Use of printf() : printf function is used to print the massage on the screen.

Use of scanf() : scanf function is used to input the data through  the keyboard.

Use of clrscr() : clrscr function is used to clear the screen.

A simple example of  c program

#include<stdio.h>
#inculde<conio.h>
main()
{
clrscr();
printf("Hello world");
}

---

Output :- Hello world

---

Second example of  c program

#include<stdio.h>

#inculde<conio.h>

main()

{

clrscr();

printf("Hello world");

printf("Hello India");

}

---

Output :- Hello worldHello India

---

Scope Sequence Character In C Language

\n :- New line

\t :- Horizontal tab

\v :- Vertical tab

\b :- Back space

\F :- Form feed

Example of  \n (back slash n) in c language

#include<stdio.h>

#inculde<conio.h>

main()

{

clrscr();

printf("Hello world");

printf("\nHello India");

}

---

Output :- Hello world

                 Hello India

---

Example of  \t (back slash t) in c language

#include<stdio.h>

#inculde<conio.h>

main()

{

clrscr();

printf("Hello world");

printf("\tHello India");

}

---

Output :- Hello world

                                     Hello India

---

Conversion Specifier

Conversion specifier is used by printf function to decide which data type of value is going to print on the screen.

%d	int
%f	float
%c	char
%c	unsigned char
%u	unsigned int
%d	short int
%u	unsigned short int
%ld	long int
%lu	unsigned long int
%lf	double
%Lf	long double
%x	hexadecimal
%o	octal

Data Type: 

There are three types of data type

1. Basic data type
2. Drive data type
3. User define data type

Basic Data Type

Data type	Range	Bytes	Format
signed char	-128 to +127	1	%c
unsigned char	0 to 255	1	%c
short signed int	-32768 to +32767	2	%d
short unsigned int	0 to 65535	2	%u
signed int	-32768 to +32767	2	%d
unsigned int	0 to 65535	2	%u
long signed int	-2147483648 to +2147483647	4	%ld
long unsigned int	0 to 4294967295	4	%lu
float	-3.4e38 to +3.4e38	4	%f
double	-1.7e308 to +1.7e308	8	%lf
long double	-3.4e4932 to +3.4e4932	10	%Ld

Variable

A variable is a data name that may be used to store a data value. unlike constants that remain unchanged during the execution of a program. A variable make take different values at different times during execution.

Rules for variable declaration

1. Variable name should be started with alphabet character or underscore.
2. Special character like #, @ not allow to variable name.
3. Variable should not contain any keyword.
4. Variable name can be up to 32 character. 

Example 5 of c program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int x, y, z;
clrscr();
printf("Enter first number : ");
scanf("%d",&x);
printf("Enter second number : ");
scanf("%d",&y);
printf("Enter third number : ");
scanf("%d",&z);
printf("Printing the numbers on the screen : ");
printf("\n%d",x);
printf("\n%d",y);
printf("\n%d",z);
}
getch();
}

---

Output: Enter first number : 4
               Enter second number : 8
               Enter third number : 6
               Printing the numbers on the screen
               4
               8
               6

---

Or

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int x, y, z;
clrscr();
printf("Enter three numbers : ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);
printf("Printing the numbers on the screen : ");
printf("\n%d\n%d\n%d",x,y,z);
}
getch();
}

---

Output: Enter three numbers : 4 3 8
               Printing the numbers on the screen
               4
               3
               8

---

There are 32 keywords available in c

auto, double, int, struct, break, else, long, switch, case, enum, register, typedef, char, extern, return, union, const, float, short, unsigned, continue, for, signed, void, default, goto, sizeof, volatile, do, if, static and while

Operators : 

Operators are the symbols that respect specific operations.

1. Arithmetic operator :[ + , - , / , * and %(modules operator) ]
2. Relational operator : [ < , > , <= , >= , == ]
3. Assignment operator :[ = ]
4. Conditional or Ternary operator : [ ?: ]
5. Logical operator : [ &&(and) , ||(or) and !(not) ]
6. Increment operator : [ + + ]
7. Decrement operator : [ - - ]

Question 1: Write a program to input two integer number by keyboard and calculate sum of two numbers. 

Solution:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

main()

{

int num1, num2, sum;

clrscr();

printf("Enter two numbers");

scanf("%d%d",&num1,&num2);

sum=num1+num2;

printf("Sum=%d",sum);

getch();

}

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